Environmental control system on Carbon-Neutral farm
Preface
Into 21st century yilai, due to energy shortage and environment resources insufficient, effect, human survival of problem increasingly serious, with technology development, and social progress, and and the population fast increased and concentrated Yu city, situation Xia, natural ecological supply of resources has not enough human by needed, to high yield for purpose of artificial ecological system (agricultural fishing livestock) rise, large replaced original ecological by dependency of space, used to production enough of resources dependent human.
Traditional agriculture questions
1. Land development using problem
Government for care farmers, narrowed urban and rural gap, many XING agricultural policy released, for example opened industry road, and development new varieties high price of crop, and introduced pesticide and chemical fertilizers, and large agricultural loan, measures, and produced following problem:
(1) Water resources of using efficiency not Zhang.
(2) Soil and water conservation regulatory work cannot continued.
(3) Single crop adverse Yu ecological system of stable.
2. Fertilizer (feed) material use questions
In order for the particular species can persist in a specific way to take care of, different species have different farming methods; adding fertilizer (feed) is common and necessary means to promote growth in the agriculture, fisheries and animal husbandry products in an artificial ecosystem. Fertilizer (feed) unlimited use on the farm, may have the following questions:
(1) Fertilizer (feed) excessive use of.
(2) The issue of chemical and organic fertilizers.
(3) To animal waste as fertilizer viral pollution.
3. Festicide and growth hormone using problem due to agricultural fishing livestock business of artificial ecological no and natural ecological isolation of concept, artificial ecological in the vulnerable of species very easy suffered from natural ecological of pest; so, herbicide, and pesticides, and and the antibiotics, prevent farming biological pathogenic of pesticide, and pheromones and growth hormone, and promote farming biological fast growth of chemical pharmacy large using, caused food security of crisis and natural ecological of Holocaust.
4. The introduction of exotic species biodiversity selected strong species can be a lot of costs, or increase the productivity of the land, but if the farm mismanagement of artificial ecological, vulnerable to ecological damage, extinction of local native species.
5. Excessive consumption of environmental resources in order to improve the yield per unit area, husbandry high cell density culture; to avoid breeding pond water, ponds of contaminated water needed to extract large quantities of groundwater replaced, resulting in serious land subsidence and seawater intrusion, after sea water intrusion and salinization of coastal land conducive to crop growth.
6. Other issues related to new agricultural development will face
(1) agriculture, fisheries and animal husbandry operator to raise farmed species of harvest quantity and value, often used to breed in some adverse human health of chemical additives (such as antibiotics, euro, such as fertilizer, add), making it hard for agricultural products reached the so-called standards of organic agriculture.
(2)The metropolitan area population density and pollution, agriculture, fisheries and animal husbandry in the so-called “pollution-free" in remote areas, how to use technology to reduce the transport of agricultural products from is the future direction of new agricultural efforts.
(3)During heavy rain or typhoons in Taiwan will inevitably lead to rising vegetable prices to stabilize production, is the direction of agriculture, fisheries and animal husbandry management efforts.
(4)Agriculture, fisheries and animal husbandry in farming or in the processing of agricultural products produced by agricultural waste, for the new agricultural scientific and technological problems to be faced, develop recycling technologies to comply with the principles of sustainable management.
Consideration of green agriculture
In Taiwan, for example, expensive and sophisticated crop-producing areas, all over, all over Taiwan, has become damaged land and utilization value of one of the main reasons. For the sake of Taiwan’s sustainable development, the new agricultural technology-assisted farming should be explored
1. explored Technology to enhance productivity in the farm area
2. Reducing the use of fertilizers and avoid chemical contamination
3.Reduce human ecology on ecology and the negative impact
4.The function of energy saving and carbon reduction
5. Remote monitor and open features
Loop control concept of Carbon-Neutral farm
1. Environmental isolation structure
Based on current scientific and technological capabilities, glass greenhouse is an acceptable ecological isolation means, in addition to setting the high cost of faults, water, air, and soil environmental factors, such as there is good contact skills.
2. Ecological buffer zone
(1)May reduce eutrophication polluting substances emitted by artificial ecosystem.
(2)Can be compensated for by building open space recreation space.
(3)May be designed as conservation areas, native species reserves, or natural ecology classroom environmental education or applied ecology of space reduction project.Eco-the location of the buffer configuration for example shown in Figure-1.
Figure-1
3. Green energy system
Ring control type farm glass greenhouse of roof or sunny surface can added loaded half through film PV (PV), can selective of let some photosynthesis by needed of specific optical penetrating, in power Shi not effect green of photosynthesis, and green light collection reaction system of artificial light (LED lamp lighting) can used green can of system design, its system combination as Figure-2 by shows. Green energy system based on solar, wind and other natural power for energy, but natural disadvantages of unstable power supply, the need to consider such as storage devices and backup power. Standby power supply mains can be used, and in areas where no mains supply, you could consider using bio-diesel generators or fuel cells. (Thin film PV is shown in Figure-3)。
Figure-2
Figure-3
4. Water recycling system
Farm water applications by water quantity, water quality and hydraulic aspects to consider
(1) Water should be recycled within the farm and is managing its use, to reduce the amount of water used or to increase water use efficiency.
(2) In water, the water can be divided into external and internal water circulation to discussion in two parts: external water should be taken into account if it contains heavy metals or pesticides and other contaminants could easily lead to bioaccumulation and biomagnification result, or inorganic salts containing suppression crop growth; and internal water circulation you need to consider salt accumulation and pH changes and other factors affecting crop growth.
(3) In terms of potential energy of the water taking into account, in principle, application of water resources should be arranged by high energy to low energy path, thus saving water energy for transport and equipment. Arrangement of the hydraulic cycle case as shown in the figure-4.
Figure-4
5. Composite farming mode
GlassHouse crops can be used in hydroponics, drip, or no-tillage cultivation in several ways, such as, training within the space of green crops, and keep some fish or animals, as long as the eco-management arrangements, artificial greenhouse environment may also create a diversity of ecological space.
6. Environmental monitoring equipment
Crop the specific environmental conditions (such as temperature, humidity, light, and water conditions) can be monitored by the monitoring system. These monitoring data transmitted over the network lines can be collected to a SQL Server, and the Web interface program integrated monitoring data, and displays the results as a Web page on a Web site, in order to facilitate remote monitoring and control of the farm. The planning of digital network as shown in Figure-5.
Figure-5
Conclusion
Integrating several technologies featured in environment control type and farm has the following advantages:
1. Growing co-operation on green light for carbon and in line with the principle of sustainable development and environmental protection.
2.Quarantine farms do not affect the natural ecology, could better ensure the quality of agricultural products.
3. Use of green energy to reduce carbon emissions, farms can also be located in the power supply difficult areas
4. Ecological buffers to reduce agricultural pollution, low environmental impact and provides a green resting place.
5. Using remote monitoring systems can alleviate the farmers “water tour" labour burdens and establishing agricultural brand with life.
- Using algae growth characteristics of large amounts of fixed carbon dioxide.
- Exhaust into the greenhouse for plant photosynthesis of algae, further reducing carbon output after oxygen-rich exhaust.
- The leaching liquid of organic compost as a hydroponic plant fertilizer, hydroponic water is becoming a source of fertilizer for algae, a nutrient that can be further reduced farm drainage.
- Algae ecological pool drainage into constructed wetlands, can buffer the farm on nearby natural and ecological impact.
- With artificial light required to keep algae farms could consider using green energy (such as solar energy, wind energy, etc), green energy is insufficient to add power.
- Cultivating algae reactor by environment control type, you can choose pure culture or mixed culture, requirements according to technical capabilities and market needs to decide.
- Pure breeding algae can be used as bio-medical materials and health food technology with a high demand and low technical level of mixed culturing algae, its economy effectiveness, commonly used as a vegetarian diet or omnivorous animal feed additives.
- Algae and quick ability to fix carbon dioxide and can be applied for carbon reduction certification, contribute to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon emissions trading market, carbon reduction certification there may be some economic benefits.